Improvement in ventilating buildings



2 Sheets-'-Sheet I 7 po 2 H Ah 0 0 d e n 8 M P .9 En Ell d E J T .9 T ai t la RI. t n 3 v azz.

gain eases. 0

N- PETERS, PHOTO-L THOGRAPHER WASHINGTON D C I 2 Sheets--S-he et 2.

Le R. SATTERLEE Ventilating Buildings.

Patented Oct. 26, 1875.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LE ROY SATTERLEE, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK,

IMPROVEMENT IN VENIILATING BUILDINGS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. l69,300, dated October26, 1875; application filed 4 J une 17, 1875.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, LE ROY SATTERLEE, of the city of Rochester, in thecounty of Monroe and State of New York, have invented a trunks and itsvalves. Fig. 3 is aeperspective.

view of the self-acting valve arrangement. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectionof one end of a building, showing a modification of my improvement.

My improvement has for its object a more perfect ventilation ofbuildings and other structures than is now secured by registers andventilators where the action depends entirely upon the rarefaction ofthe air under heat. In such case the ventilation is very imperfect,owing to the variableness of the rarefaction and the difierentconditions of the air, the carbonic-acid gas settling to the bottom ofthe room, and not being easily passed 011'.

My invention consists in the combination and arrangement of partshereinafter described.

In the drawings, A represents the lower story of a building, andB B arethe windows therein. 0 G are ventilating trunks or tubes, of theright-angled form shown, and which serve to convey the vitiated air fromthe bottom of the room outward into the open air. The upper right-angledend a, which opens outward, may be passed through the window, as shownat the right in'Fig. 1, or be passed through the wall below the window,as shown at the left, or at any other point in the room higher or lower,as may be desired. The'end b, which rests in the room, extends tonearthe floor, and has a port or passage, 0, which allows the impure air topass upward. This port may becovered by a valve or slide, by which theescape of the air may be regulated.

In the part a is located a plate or partition,

(1, which stands slightly inclined inward, as shown. This plate has oneor more ports, f, covered by one or more inclined doors or valves, g.The incline of the plate and the doors is such as to give the doors atendency to close by theirown gravity to shut the passage, but still soslight that the doors are rendered very sensi-. tive, and. will openoutward under very slight impulse from within. The doors are made lightand thin, and maybe hung by journals h h, as shown in the drawing, or bysprings, or any other means which will avoid friction and render thedoors as sensitive as possible. A great variety of attachments of thedoor might be used with substantially the same effect. Stops should beused in connection with the doors to prevent their opening too far, forit would not do to let them open to a right-angled position; otherwisethey might fall the wrong way. At least two of these ventilators areused, one on each side of the building, and four will be still moreeffective," located on the four quarters. The object of this is toproduce efficiency of operation, since the blowing of the wind on oneside will shut the ventilators on that side, and the pressureof the airin the room will correspondingly open the ventilator to allow escape ofthe air. The ventilators on at least two sides of the building have,therefore, a unity of action, closing on one side and opening on theotherunder the action of the wind; and if four are used this action issure to occur in whatever direction the wind may blow.

It is my design to produce a self-acting apparatus which willclose-automatically on the side from which the wind is blowing, and openautomatically on the side in which the wind is blowing. In such case thepressure against the ventilators shutsoft' the entrance through the sameon the one side, while the pressure which accumulates inside fromapertures around the windows, the opening of doors, 8250., opens theventilators on the other side.

It is rarely the case that the air is so still that such action will notoccur; but even in that case the opening and shutting of doors willcreate an overbalance of pressure insid and open the ventilators.

The action of ventilating, as above described, is facilitated, in casethere is wind, by reason of the tendency to a vacuum on the side of thebuilding opposite to the blowing of the wind. Such vacuum has thetendency to open the ventilators on that side and draw the air from theinterior of the room.

In addition to this self-acting ventilation it is apparent that therarefaction of the air by heat will produce pressure in the apartment,and consequently open the ventilators.

Of course, in the use of such a self-acting arrangement, it isimperative that the ventilating-doors should be hung very accurately,and on journals, springs, or bearings, that will produce the minimumamount of friction. It is also necessary that the doors should be verylight, and that they should fit accurately to their seats when closed.

From a series of experiments I have made, I am satisfied that the workcan be done effectively, and with but little trouble or expense.

If the .action of the doors ismade to depend upon the incline at whichthey stand, the partition d, to which they are attached,-may be madeadjustable to difi'erent inclines by resting on journals, or by othermeans.

It is obvious that so far as the efficiency of the self-actingventilators are concerned, it is not necessary that they should beconnected with the trunks O (3; but they will be equal- 1y effective ifplaced directly in the walls. The

. trunks are for the purpose of drawing the air from the bottom of therooms, thereby removing the dead air and carbonic-acid gas moreeffectively. They also form a portable arrangementwhich may be placeddirectly in the windows, as shown at the right in Fig. 1, therebyrendering the invention easily applicable to houses already built.

In building new buildings they maybe built directly within the wallsunder the base-board, thus forming no projections in the rooms.

To prevent a strong wind from striking under or back of the ventilatorswhen partially open, thereby tending to throw them still wider open,suitable screens, lattice-work, or other devices may be used to directthe current upon the back of the ventilators.

Where it is desired to ventilate only at the top of the building and touse no ventilators below, the modification shown at Fig. 4 may beemployed. In this case a tube or tubes, G,

be applied to boats, vessels, cars, and other structures whereventilation is required.

I do not claim slatted ventilators connected by a rod, as shown inLetters Patent No. 90,180

neither do I claim a valve hung to close by the force of the Wind, asshown in Patent No. 32,730; neither do I claim a flue or shield attachedto HrWllldOW-PFMIG to break the draft of air, as shown in Patent N 0.160,066.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is-- 1. In abuilding or other structure requiring ventilation, two or moreoutwardly-opening and self-closing valves, 9 g, made close-fitting totheir seats to prevent the entrance of outside air to the room, and hungby journals or bearings to be opened automatically by the pressure orimpulses of the air within the room,

to allow the discharge of said air outward, as

herein shown and described, and for;.the purpose specified. r

'2. In a building or other structure requiring ventilation, the trunk O,extending to near the bottom of the room, and constructed with the plate61 and self-acting valve g, for the purpose of conveying off anddischarging the vitiated air from the bottom of the room, as hereinshown and described. i a

3. In a building or other structure requiring ventilation, one or moreself-closing ventilators, 9, set in the attic or upper story, and one ormore tubes, G, extending from the attic or upper story downward into orthrough the rooms below, and having apertures communieating with saidrooms, wherebythe vitiated air will be drawn upward through said tube ortubes and be discharged through the ventilators, the whole combined andarranged to operate as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

' LE ROY ,SATTERLEE.

Witnesses:

R. F. Oseoon, E. B. Soo'rr.

